CHANCE OR DESIGN

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T here are only two possibilities of how things began... chance or design. This research is intended to explore proven scientific facts to try and discover which way the evidence tends to lean towards, random chance or some sort of creative design.

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THE SIMPLE CELL

Let's start with "the simple cell." Scientist Carl Sagan states that in even the smallest and simplest cell there is enough information to equal 10 to the 12th bits. Computer folks will have no problem understanding that and for the rest of us that equals 100 million pages of an encyclopedia. That's for just one single cell. The human body has an estimated 55 trillion cells all working together.

Let's look at the DNA molecule, which is only a miniscule part of a cell. Bio chemists have discovered that there are 10 to the 87th power ways to put together the material in just one wrung of a human DNA molecule (that's a 10 with 87 zeros behind it.) Some state that this complicated molecule came into existence by time and chance. Could this possibly happen? There is only one combination in that 10 to the 87th power ways that will work for reproduction to take place. Now most evolutionists suggest that the earth is 4.5 billion years old. Do you know how many seconds there are in 4.5 billion years? There are 10 to the 25th power seconds in 4.5 billion years. So if a trial and error method were tried once every second, there wouldn't be even half enough time to put together even just one wrung of the human DNA in the time frame that evolutionists say the earth has existed.

A simple cell? In reality there is no such thing. There are literally thousands of chemicals that work together in a single cell. The complexity of a cell is inconceivable. Many scientists have spent their entire lifetimes mapping out a single cell and still the diagram is incomplete. Even the smallest single cell is composed of millions of intricately arranged atoms. DNA, proteins, chemicals and enzymes, are all bio-chemically co-dependant and all the millions of parts must be present simultaneously for even the simplest cell to survive. The above information is from " Origins" featuring Prof. A. E. Wilder Smith Ph.D., Dr. esSc., Dr.sc. Oxford University F.R.I.C. University of Reading, University of London, University of Genera, E.T.H. of Zurich. Films for Christ.

The following is from the book "It Couldn't Just Happen" by Lawrence Richards. Amino acids can only be made when there is no free oxygen in the atmosphere. Porphyrins or Porphyries, can only be made when there is free oxygen. Therefore these two elements, which are necessary for life, could not have existed simultaneously to form the first cell. What's more, many of these compounds are antagonistic, they will combine and destroy each other-everywhere except within a living cell. Hmmm.

Isn't it interesting that highly intelligent scientists have spent their entire lives in a lab trying to create life just to show that no intelligence was necessary in the first place?

Sir Fred Hoyle, who discovered the red shift, stated that "the chance of getting even the simplest enzymes of life by chance even in billions and billions of years would be impossible." To get those combinations mathematically put together he calculated "Would be a one in a 10 to the minus 40,000, that's no chance, it's impossible"

THE EARTH'S SOIL

Soil is absolutely, with no exceptions, completely necessary for life of any kind to exist. Soil is made up of organic matter, (decaying plants and possibly animals) weathered rock, and chemicals that washed from rocks. Soil also contains up to 1 billion living organisms per square foot. In fact it's the living organisms that actually make the soil. The above set of scientifically proven facts, pose a problem for the idea of slow evolution. Where did the soil that living things must have in order to exist come from before there were living things to fill the soil with organic matter?
(From It Couldn't Just Happen by Lawrence Richards)

HUMAN BONES AND ARTIFACTS

Professor W. H. Rusch, Sr. paleontologist states that human bones have been found in all the fossil records simultaneously with all other species, there is no evidence in the fossil records of any species evolving into humans."

Man made artifacts such as the hammer in Cretaceous rock, a human sandal print with trilobite in Cambrian rock, human footprints and a handprint in Cretaceous rock rule out humans evolving from lower life forms since they were obviously there at the same time period.

FRAUDS AND MISTAKES

Piltdown Man; Paleontologists were fooled for over 40 years before it was proved that the skull of the "piltdown man" was that of a modern man with the jaw bone of a modern ape. (Gish, evolution, pp 120,121.)

The Nebraska Pig Tooth; In 1922 a tooth was mistakenly identified by scientists Cook, Osborn, Wilder and Smith as some sort of intermediate form between ape and man, but was correctly identified later as the tooth of a pig. (Davidheiser, evolution, p 348)

Neanderthal Man; Many have been found and Davidheiser states that after thorough examination of the skeletons, it is concluded if they could be re-incarnated and placed in modern society, they would attract no more attention that any one else. (Davidheiser, Evolution p. 332.) It turns out that the first substantial skeleton found was a man who suffered from advanced osteo-arthritis and rickets! No wonder he appeared stooped. (Mixter, Christian thought, pp176, 177.)

Java Man was constructed based on part of a skull and only one leg bone. It is now commonly known by paleontologists, that the skull was human but the leg bone was from a gibbon ape. Another human skull was also found in the same strata. The invented "Java Man" could hardly be the ancestor of a modern human who lived at the same time.

The Fossil Horse Series; This extremely famous series of horses certainly proves micro-evolution. Note that all changes are within the horse "kind" and are all similar to those found today in living horses, with the exception of the first in the series which turns out not to be a horse at all but rather a relative of the rock rabbit. Acknowledgement that this amount of change occurs within a species or "kind" does not require accepting the entire theory of macro-evolution. Incidentally, the different fossils actually came from all over the world.

THE HUMAN BRAIN

The human brain contains an estimated 30 billion cells called neurons and 140 billion cells called glial cells with each single cell being vastly complex. These cells form approximately 120 trillion connections. Every cubic inch of the brain contains 100 million nerve cells that are inter connected by 10,000 miles of fibers. The human brain is like an appliance with 100 billion junctions, every junction containing 1000 "wires" or connections which all interconnect with each other. Each single cell has 50,000 neuron connections to other brain cells. The brain receives an estimated 100 million signals per second. Brain cells, unlike all other cells, are never replaced. The symmetrical human brain is folded and wrinkled on the outside which gives it 30 times more brain surface than the smooth surfaced brain of all other animals.

THE EYE

No bigger than the size of a Ping-Pong ball, the eye has millions and millions of tiny electrical connections that can handle 1.5 million messages at the same moment. A lens reflects images through clear fluids and is focused on a thin paper-like wall called the retina. The retina has 137 million special light sensitive cells. Each and every cell is connected to the optic nerve, which sends signals at 300 miles an hour to the brain. The brain then interprets the signals so we can "see".

The eye itself has become a red flag for many because there is no sign of evolution of any kind where the eye is concerned. All animal life, regardless of how simple or complex and regardless of where it is found in the fossil records, has fully developed, fully functional eyes. Does this look like design or random chance?

THE WHY OF LIFE

Let's look at the fertilized human egg, which in only 9 months will be several thousand million times heavier than the original zygote. How can a single small living cell metamorphose so radically and yet with overwhelmingly ordered and designed components? How do the multiplying cells know to differentiate, to grow, to cluster, to become a human being? How does one cell know to be a particular part of a bone, and another cell know to be a part of the heart?

Scientists can describe cells. They can point to the components within cells that contain the genetic and reproductive information utilized by the cell, but scientists can not explain the why of life. Why did that life develop? Why did that life differentiate? Why do various life forms resemble each other? In the final analysis, life remains a mystery to the scientist.

Can I prove that God exists and created the world? No I can't. No one can, but neither can it be proved that God does not exist and that he did not create the world. The bottom line is that it takes faith either way you believe, only one of which, of course, can be called true faith since only one can be correct.

PROBABILITY THEORY (*)

Using probability theory it is possible to tell how likely it is for something to happen. Suppose you take ten coins and flip them 1000 times each. Probability theory tells us that about half the flips will turn up heads and about half will turn up tails. How many times would you have to flip the coins for all ten to turn up heads at the same time? Probability theory tells you how to find out. You multiply 10 x 9 x 8 x 7 x 6 x 5 x 4 x 3 x 2 x 1. So to have all ten coins turn up heads at the same time, you would need to flip the coins an average of 4,132,800 times. If you flipped the coins twice a minute for 10 hours each day, it would take almost 10 years of coin flipping to be sure all 10 coins would turn up heads just once.

The average protein in the smallest known living thing has about 400 known amino acid links. And each amino acid link must be in the right order. It's something like the alphabet. To make words, the letters must be in a particular order to make a ginflumaen oops; I mean a meaningful word. (See what I mean?) In even the smallest proteins, about 400 links or "letters" must be in the right order or the protein does not work. Note: The word meaningful has only 10 letters not 400. Also note that many other proteins have up to 50,000 amino acid links or "letters" which must be in the right order or the protein does not work.

What is the probability of an amino acid chain 400 units long happening by chance? The answer is one chance in ten-followed by 240 zeros. Note: one chance in a million, would be a 10 followed by only 5 zeros!

LOOK

One of the most amazing puzzles in biology is the fact that proteins in living things are all "left handed." Proteins are long, slender threads 500 times too thin to be seen even under a good standard microscope. They are made up of chains of amino acids. Each of these amino acids is made up of different atoms attached to one side of another atom. Each different amino acid has a different side group. And all amino acids in living things have their side group on the left side. When scientists make amino acids in their labs, half of the acids produced are right handed. So if the amino acids form by chance, half of them will right-handed and half will be left-handed.

What if we use the probability theory to find out how likely it is that even the smallest possible living thing would just happen to have only left handed amino acids. There is one chance in 10-followed by 123 zeros. That's no chance in any amount of time.

What if you take 200 yogurt covered almonds and 200 chocolate covered almonds, mix them together then dump them on the ground. Will they ever fall in a perfectly straight line with the chocolate almonds of the left and the yogurt almonds on the right?

The chances of the almond scenario happening, which is no chance, would be far more likely mathematically with the 400 units simply dividing into two groups randomly, than the amino acid scenario where the units would need to not only line up, but would need to line up in a specific order. Like numerically from 1 to 400. And remember 400 links is an unusually small protein. Think of the odds of a protein with 50,000 links, randomly joining together in a specific order!

THE 2nd LAW OF THERMO-DYNAMICS

The 2nd law of thermo-dynamics is a law as basic and as accepted as the law of gravity. It is also called the law of entropy and basically states "eventually everything falls apart and disintegrates, nothing is eternal, everything changes and chaos increases."

Left to themselves, all chemical compounds tend to break down into simpler materials.

They do not become more complex. Science knows of no exception to this law. Einstein stated that "of all the physical laws this is the most obvious and provable of them all." The thought that the universe and life are here by random chance, utterly refutes the law of entropy and utterly refutes what we know scientifically.

Evolution requires that atoms organize themselves into more and more complex and ordered arrangements and states that over millions of years, everything has developed upwards, but there is no evidence of this anywhere. We know if matter is left alone it doesn't organize itself but rather decomposes.

The more we explore our universe, whether close to home or millions of light years away, the more we discover orderly patterns and orderly systems. Design is the most powerful evidence for creation. Examine almost anything and it will show design, pattern and organization.

Does a watch with time and chance come into existence? Does an F-16 fighter jet become assembled if a tornado rips through a junkyard? While many accept that the "big bang" created order out of nothing, mathematical probability rules it out and science speaks against it.

THE FOSSIL RECORDS

There are two types of evolution microevolution and macroevolution. The first type is an obvious and undeniable fact. There is ample evidence that plants and animals can and do adapt to their environment. For instance, some years ago a certain saltwater bay was sealed off from the rest of the ocean by some natural disaster. Over a long period of time the water in the bay gradually turned from salt to fresh water. Trapped in the bay was a particular species of shark that over that period of time adapted from a salt-water shark into a fresh water shark. If that shark were to be put back into the salt water where it once had been the shark would quickly die. There many examples of species both plant and animal that over long periods of time have adapted to changing surroundings but there is no evidence where they have changed or evolved into another species

The following information is from "Origins" featuring Prof. A. E. Wilder Smith. The second type of evolution is defined as "a gradual process in which something changes into a different and usually more complex form." There are in fact at least 23 evolutionary theories, the first of which began in the 1800's. Evolution is a relatively new concept for the origin of the universe. These theories state that where ever energy and matter exists, that same energy and matter will automatically evolve itself upward into the highest forms of life.

Darwin himself made the statement that "The evidence in the fossil record is the most serious objection to the theory of evolution."

Dr. Gary Parker is one of the many evolutionists who have changed their minds and become convinced creationists after a deep study of the fossil records. He states "The missing link" is spoken of, but in reality missing links are the trademark for paleontologists. If the theory of evolution were true there should be literally millions of fossils that show how one kind of life slowly and gradually changed into another type of life. But there are, in fact, clear and distinct gaps between the species, both plant and animal. As a matter of fact there are gaps between all major types of plants and animals. Transitions are missing in their millions!

If the evolutionary theories are correct, there should be many fossils of fish that began to be amphibians or reptiles that began to grow wings. Evolutionists state that the cambium layer is 600 million years old. Now if this is true there should be only the simplest life forms found in that layer, however it is filled with a tremendous variety of complex life.

Dr. Duane Gish, bio-chemist, stated "The per-cambium layer should contain links but not one single transitional form has ever been found. Fish appear abruptly and fully formed. No ancestor for fish have ever been found, no intermediate type between fish and amphibian, none between amphibian and reptile, no intermediate type between reptiles and mammals. No intermediate types have ever been found any where in the world."

Dr. Gary Parker, biologist and paleontologist states "Let's take a look at flight. There are 4 different groups. They are insects, reptiles, mammals and birds."

Insects: "The first insects of a flying form to leave a fossil record have wings that are completely developed and fully functional just like the insects of today."

Reptiles: "When it comes to flying reptiles, the pterodactyls had huge wings made of membrane stretching up to 52 feet. Surely if these had evolved from walking reptiles, there ought to be hundreds of thousands of transitional forms to show how that change from leg to wing occurred but not even one transitional form has ever been found."

Mammals: "Flying mammals (the bats) are among the most highly special group of mammals we have, and yet they occur early in the fossil record of mammals. They look just like the kinds of bats we have today."

Birds: Gary Parker continues; "The fossil records of these first 3 groups clearly seem to be supporting creation. When it comes to birds the story seems to change a bit because a bird called Archaeopteryx has been found which has wings and feathers like a bird but on the wings are claws and in the bill are teeth. Now I used to tell my university students when I taught evolution that here was a perfect example of a missing link, however, let's take a second look at Archaeopteryx. What about the teeth... No living bird today has teeth but some other fossil birds have teeth and some don't. But then again some reptiles have teeth and some don't. That particular characteristic is not important in distinguishing the two groups." Some living birds like the ostrich, the South American hoatzin and the African turaco also have claws on their wings. The African turaco uses its claws for climbing and grabbing the trunks of trees as it lands. Also archaeopteryx could fly. Most scientists now consider archaeopteryx a rather strong flyer with fully developed wings and fully developed feathers. Archaeopteryx also has a fully developed wishbone, which is found only in birds. In addition to that many other fully developed species of birds are found next to archaeopteryx in the fossil records." Again no transitional form is found anywhere in the fossil records.

FOSSIL RECORDS-CONCLUSION

J. Kerby and Harold G. Coffin state:

"We should note that there is an explosion of complicated life in the Cambrian period and that there are always systematic gaps between major invertebrate kinds. If we take the fossil records at face value, if we accept the sudden appearance of complex forms, if we accept the clear distinction between major groups as a valid representation of the past history of life, we are led toward the belief that the major types of plants and animals are products of sudden creation in the past".

While one can see diagrams of the evolutionary tree in certain textbooks, you will not see actual fossils that show step by step changes between species but rather distinct gaps between the species.

Darwin himself wrote in 1859:

"those who believe that the geological record is in any way complete will undoubtedly at once reject my theory" Darwin, Origin of the Species p 217.

TWO ACCOUNTS

Account # 1: Chance. According to evolutionary theory: A few billion years ago, the then young earth had an atmosphere completely different from the atmosphere today. It contained no oxygen, but contained methane, ammonia, hydrogen and water vapor. By the action of ultra violet rays, electrical discharges and a continuous bombardment of highly charged particles, molecules were formed spontaneously and randomly. The molecules included sugar, amino acids and pieces of DNA. More and more pieces clustered together and formed increasingly larger molecules and molecular chains. Then giant molecules combined until a primitive "simple" cell was reached. Then those proto-cells absorbed other molecules, which in combination with the gelatinous substances at some point began to reproduce. Thus developed the first living cells. Those first living cells fed on molecules still left in the "primeval soup". Soon photosynthetic cells developed which produced and released into the atmosphere a necessary ingredient for virtually all life forms: OXYGEN. That oxygen, and the metabolism of those first living cells, destroyed the primitive molecules and changed the primeval atmosphere into the atmosphere as we know it. Once life evolved, the earth's environment was so altered that life could no longer develop spontaneously on earth.

"This most beautiful system of the sun, planets and comets could only proceed from the council and dominion of an intelligent and powerful being." Sir Isaac Newton

Account #2-Design. According to Genesis in the bible: In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth. And the earth was formless and void, darkness was over the surface of the deep; and the Spirit of God was moving over the surface of the deep.

Then God said "Let there be light," and there was light. And God saw that the light was good and he separated the light from the darkness. God called the light day, and the darkness He called night. And there was evening and there was morning, the first day.

Then God said "Let there be an expanse (or firmament) in the midst of the waters, and let it separate the waters from the waters." So God made the expanse and separated the waters, which were below the expanse from the waters, which were above the expanse; and it was so. And God called the expanse "sky". And there was evening and there was morning, a second day. Then God said "Let the waters under the sky be gathered into one place, and let the dry land appear, and it was so. And God called the dry land earth, and the gathered waters he called seas; and God saw that it was good. Then God said "Let the earth sprout vegetation, plants yielding seeds after their kind, and trees bearing fruit after their kind, with seed in them, on the earth"; and it was so. And the earth brought forth vegetation, plants yielding seed after their kind, and trees bearing fruit, with seed in them after their kind; and God saw that it was good. And there was evening and there was morning, a third day.

Then God said "Let there be luminaries in the expanse of the sky to separate the day from the night, and let them be signs, for the seasons, and for the days and the years, and let them be lights in the expanse of the sky to give light on the earth. And it was so. God made two great lights-the greater light to govern the day and the lesser to govern the night. He also made the stars. God set them in the expanse of the sky to give light on the earth, to govern the day and night, and to separate light from darkness. And God saw that it was good. And there was evening, and there was morning-a fourth day.

And God said let the water team with living creatures, and let birds fly above the earth across the expanse of the sky. So God created the great creatures of the sea and every living and moving thing with which the water teems, according to their kinds, and every winged bird according to its kind. And God saw that it was good. God blessed them and said, "Be fruitful and increase in number and fill the water in the seas, and let the birds increase on the earth." And there was evening, and there was morning-a fifth day.

And God said, "Let the land produce living creatures according to their kinds; livestock, creatures that move along the ground, and wild animals, each according to its kind. And it was so. God made the wild animals according to their kinds, and all the creatures that move along the ground according to their kinds. And God saw that it was good. Then God said, "Let us make man in our image, in our likeness, and let them rule over the fish of the sea and the birds of the air, over the livestock, over all the earth, and over all the creatures that move along the ground."

So God created man in his own image, in the image of God he created him: male and female he created them.

God blessed them and said to them, "Be fruitful and increase in number; fill the earth and subdue it. Rule aver the fish of the sea and the birds of the air and over every living creature that moves along the ground."

Then God said, "I give you every seed bearing plant on the face of the whole earth and every tree that has fruit with a seed in it. They will be yours for food. And to all the beasts of the earth and all the birds of the air and all the creatures that move along the ground-everything that has the breath of life in it-I give every green plant for food." And it was so.

And God saw all that he had made, and it was very good. And there was evening, and there was morning-the sixth day.

Thus the heavens and the earth were completed in all their vast array.

By the seventh day God had finished the work he had been doing; so on the seventh day he rested from all his work. And God blessed the seventh day and made it holy, because on it he rested from all the work of creating that he had done.

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